Eric A. Hanushek
Paul and Jean Hanna Senior Fellow
Academic Articles
Academic Articles
Economic Growth in Developing Countries: The Role of Human CapitalEconomics of Education Review, Forthcoming.
Household location and schools in metropolitan areas with heterogeneous suburbs: Tiebout, Alonso, and government policyJournal of Public Economic Theory, Forthcoming.
Does School Autonomy Make Sense Everywhere? Panel Estimates from PISAJournal of Development Economics, Forthcoming.
Financing SchoolsIn John Hattie and Eric M. Anderman (ed.), International Guide to Student Achievement, New York: Routledge, 2013, pp. 134-136.
Do Better Schools Lead to More Growth? Cognitive Skills, Economic Outcomes, and Causation Journal of Economic Growth, 17(4), December 2012, 267-321.
Schooling, Educational Achievement, and the Latin American Growth Puzzle Journal of Development Economics, 99(2), November 2012, pp. 497-512.
The Distribution of Teacher Quality and Implications for PolicyAnnual Review of Economics, 4, September 2012, pp. 131-157.
The Role of International Assessments of Cognitive Skills in the Analysis of Growth and DevelopmentIn Matthias von Davier, Eugenio Gonzalez, Irwin Kirsch, and Kentaro Yamamoto (Ed.), The Role of International Large-Scale Assessments: Perspectives from Technology, Economy, and Educational Research, Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer, 2012, 47-65.
A flawed analysis of unrepresentative state achievement dataEducational Policy, 26(3), May 2012, 360-368.
Education quality and economic growthIn Brendan Miniter (ed.), The 4 percent solution: Unleashing the economic growth America needs, New York: Crown Business, 2012, pp. 227-239.
The Economic Benefit of Educational Reform in the European UnionCESifo Economic Studies, 58(1), March 2012, pp. 73–109.
Urban education, location, and opportunity in the United Statesin Nancy Brooks, Kieran Donaghy, and Gerrit-Jan Knaap (ed.), Oxford Handbook of Urban Economics and Planning, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011, pp. 583-615.
Private Schools and Residential Choices: Accessibility, Mobility, and WelfareB.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy (Contributions), 11(1) article 44, 2011, pp. 1-32.
How Much Do Educational Outcomes Matter in OECD Countries?Economic Policy, 26(67), July 2011, pp. 427-491.
The Economic Value of Higher Teacher QualityEconomics of Education Review, 30(3), June 2011, pp. 466-479.
Sample Selectivity and the Validity of International Student Achievement Tests in Economic ResearchEconomics Letters, 110(2), February 2011, pp. 79-82.
The Economics of International Differences in Educational AchievementIn Eric A. Hanushek, Stephen Machin and Ludger Woessmann (Eds.), Handbook of the Economics of Education, Vol. 3, Amsterdam: North Holland, 2011, pp. 89-200.
The Quality and Distribution of Teachers under the No Child Left Behind ActJournal of Economic Perspectives, 24(3), Summer 2010, pp. 133-150.
Generalizations about Using Value-Added Measures of Teacher QualityAmerican Economic Review, 100(2), May 2010, pp. 267-271.
Education Production Functions: Developed Countries EvidenceIn Dominic J. Brewer and Patrick J. McEwan (Ed.), Economics of Education (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2010), 2010, pp. 132-136.
Does Pollution Increase School Absences?Review of Economics and Statistics, 91(4), November 2009, pp. 683-694.
School Policy: Implications of Recent Research for Human Capital Investments in South Asia and Other Developing CountriesEducation Economics, 17(3), September 2009, pp. 291-313.
New Evidence about Brown v. Board of Education: The Complex Effects of School Racial Composition on AchievementJournal of Labor Economics, 27(3), July 2009, pp. 349-383.
Harming the Best: How Schools Affect the Black-White Achievement GapJournal of Policy Analysis and Management, 29(3), Summer 2009, pp. 366-393.
The Economic Value of Education and Cognitive SkillsIn Gary Sykes, Barbara Schneider and David N. Plank (eds.), Handbook of Education Policy Research, New York: Routledge, 2009, pp. 39-56.
Quality-Consistent Estimates of International Schooling and Skill GradientsJournal of Human Capital, 3(2), Summer 2009, pp. 107-143.
Getting Down to Facts: School Finance and Governance in CaliforniaEducation Finance and Policy, 3(1), Winter 2008, pp. 1-19.
The Role of Cognitive Skills in Economic DevelopmentJournal of Economic Literature 2008, 46(3), 2008, pp. 607-668.
Do Students Care about School Quality? Determinants of Dropout Behavior in Developing CountriesJournal of Human Capital, 2(1), 2008, pp. 69-105.
Education Production FunctionsIn Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume (eds.), The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
What Do Cost Functions Tell Us About the Cost of an Adequate Education?Peabody Journal of Education, 83(2), 2008, pp. 198-223.
Incentives for Efficiency and Equity in the School SystemPerspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik, 9 (Special Issue), 2008, pp. 5-27.
The Effects of Education Quality on Mortality Decline and Income Growth Economics of Education Review, 26(2), December 2007, pp. 772-789.
The Alchemy of ‘Costing Out’ an Adequate EducationIn Martin R. West and Paul E. Peterson (eds.), School Money Trials: The Legal Pursuit of Educational Adequacy, Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2007, pp. 77-101.
Charter School Quality and Parental Decision Making with School ChoiceJournal of Public Economics, 91(5-6), June 2007, pp. 823-848.
Some U.S. Evidence on how the Distribution of Educational Outcomes can be ChangedIn Ludger Woessmann and Paul E. Peterson (ed.), Schools and the Equal Opportunity Problem, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007, pp. 159-190.
The Economic Benefits of Improved Teacher QualityIn Nils C. Soquel and Pierre Jaccard (ed.), Governance and Performance of Education Systems, Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer, 2007, pp. 107-135.
Teacher QualityHandbook of the Economics of Education, Volume 2, Amsterdam: North Holland, 2006, pp. 1052-1078.
School ResourcesIn Eric A. Hanushek and Finis Welch (Eds.), Handbook of the Economics of Education, Volume 2, Amsterdam: North Holland, 2006, pp. 865-908.
The Complementarity of Tiebout and AlonsoJournal of Housing Economics, 16(2), August 2006, pp. 243-261.
Alternative School Policies and the Benefits of General Cognitive SkillsEconomics of Education Review, 25(4), August 2006, pp. 447-462.
Early Returns from School Accountabilityin Paul E. Peterson (ed.), Generational Change: Closing the Test Score Gap, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2006, pp. 143-166.
School Accountability and Student PerformanceRegional Economic Development, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2(1) , March 2006, pp. 51-61.
More Accountability or More Resources: The US Experience with NCLBIn Enrico Gori, Daniele Vidoni, Eric A. Hanushek and Charles Glenn (ed.), Institutional Models in Education: Legal Framework and Methodological Aspects for a New Approach to the Problem of School Governance, (Nijmegen, Netherlands: Wolf Legal Publishers), 2006, pg. 69-80.
Does Educational Tracking Affect Performance and Inequality? Differences-in-Differences Evidence across CountriesThe Economic Journal, 116(150), March 2006, pp. C63-C76.
The Economic Value of Improving Public SchoolsProceedings of Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Research Conference, November 18-19, 2004, Cleveland: Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 2005, pp. 59-72.
Education and TrainingIn Nicholas Barr (ed.), Labor Markets and Social Policy in Central and Eastern Europe: The Accession and Beyond, Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2005, pp. 207-251.
Does School Accountability Lead to Improved Student Performance?Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 24(2), Spring 2005, pp. 298-327.
Disruption versus Tiebout Improvement: The Costs and Benefits of Switching SchoolsJournal of Public Economics, 88(9), August 2004, pp. 1722-1746.
The Toughest Battleground: SchoolsIn Mark A. Wynne, Harvey Rosenblum and Robert L. Formaini (ed.), The legacy of Milton and Rose Friedman's Free to Choose: Economic liberalism at the turn of the twenty first century, Dallas, TX: Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, 2004, pp. 21-35.
The Effect of School Accountability Systems on the Level and Distribution of Student AchievementJournal of the European Economic Association, 2(2-3), May 2004, pp. 406-415.
What If There Are No 'Best Practices'?Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 51(2), May 2004, pp. 156-172.
How to Improve the Supply of High Quality TeachersBrookings Papers on Education Policy: 2004, 2004, pp. 7-44.
Opportunities, Race, and Urban Location: The Influence of John KainJournal of Urban Economics, 56(1), 2004.
Economic Analysis of School QualityEuropean Economy: Quality and Efficiency in Education, Special Report No 3. Brussels: Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, European Commission, 2004, pp. 29-48.
Redistribution through Education and Other Transfer MechanismsJournal of Monetary Economic, 50(8), November 2003, pp. 1719-1750.
Efficiency and Equity in Schools around the WorldEconomics of Education Review, 22(5), October 2003, pp. 481-502.
Does Peer Ability Affect Student Achievement?Journal of Applied Econometrics, 18(5), October 2003, pp. 527-544.
Does Public School Competition Affect Teacher Quality?In Caroline Minter Hoxby (ed.), The Economics of School Choice, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003, pp. 23-47.
Lessons about the Design of State Accountability SystemsIn Paul E. Peterson and Martin R. West (ed.), No Child Left Behind? The Politics and Practice of Accountability, Washington, DC: Brookings, 2003, pp. 126-151.
Improving Educational Quality: How Best to Evaluate Our SchoolsIn Yolanda Kodrzycki (ed.), Education in the 21st Century: Meeting the Challenges of a Changing World, Boston, MA: Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, 2003, pp. 193-224.
Inferring Program Effects for Specialized Populations: Does Special Education Raise Achievement for Students with DisabilitiesReview of Economics and Statistics, 84(4), November 2002, pp. 584-599.
Evidence, Politics, and the Class Size DebateIn Lawrence Mishel and Richard Rothstein (ed.), The Class Size Debate, Washington, DC: Economic Policy Institute, 2002, pp. 37-65.
Publicly Provided EducationIn Alan J. Auerbach and Martin Feldstein (Eds.), Handbook of Public Economics (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 2002), 2002, pp. 2045-2141.
The Confusing World of Educational AccountabilityNational Tax Journal, 54(2), June 2001, pp. 365-384.
Schooling, Inequality, and the Impact of GovernmentIn Finis Welch (ed.), The Causes and Consequences of Increasing Inequality, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001, pp. 169-199.
Spending on SchoolsIn Terry Moe (ed.), A Primer on American Education, Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 2001, pp. 69-88.
Black-white Achievement Differences and Governmental InterventionsAmerican Economic Review, 91(2), May 2001, pp. 24-28.
Economics of Educationin Paul B. Baltes and Neil J. Smelser (ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 6, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 2001, pp. 4200-4208.
Schooling, Labor Force Quality, and the Growth of NationsAmerican Economic Review, 90(5), December 2000, pp. 1184-1208.
Smaller Classes, Lower Salaries? The Effects of Class Size on Teacher Labor MarketsIn Sabrina W.M. Laine and James G. Ward (ed.), Using What We Know: A Review of the Research on Implementing Class-Size Reduction Initiatives for State and Local Policymakers, Oak Brook, Ill.: North Central Regional Educational Laboratory, 2000, pp. 35-51.
The Evidence on Class SizeIn Susan E. Mayer and Paul E. Peterson (Eds.), Earning and learning: How schools matter, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1999, pp. 131-168.
Some Findings from an Independent Investigation of the Tennessee STAR Experiment and from Other Investigations of Class Size EffectsEducational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 21(2), Summer 1999, pp. 143-163.
Budgets, Priorities, and Investment in Human Capital in Marvin H. Kosters (ed.), Financing College Tuition: Government Policies and Educational Priorities, Washington, DC AEI Press, 1999, pp. 8-27.
Understanding the 20th Century Growth in U.S. School SpendingJournal of Human Resources, 31(1), Winter 1997, pp. 34-68.
Incentives Are Key to Improved SchoolsForum for Applied Research and Public Policy, 12(3), 1997, pp. 62-67.
Assessing the Effects of School Resources on Student Performance: An UpdateEducational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 19(2), Summer 1997, pp. 141-164.
Health and Schooling: Evidence and Policy Implications for Developing CountriesEconomics of Education Review, 16(3), June 1997, pp. 271-282.
Applying Performance Incentives to Schools for Disadvantaged PopulationsEducation and Urban Society, 29(3), May 1997, pp. 296-316.
The Productivity Collapse in SchoolsIn William J. Fowler, Jr. (Ed.), Developments in School Finance, 1996, Washington, DC: National Center for Educational Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, 1997, pp. 183-195.
Analytical Framework for Retirement Policy DecisionsIn Michael S. Gordon, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Marc M. Twinney (ed.), Positioning Pensions for the Twenty-first Century, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997, pp. 209-219.
Aggregation and the Estimated Effects of School ResourcesReview of Economics and Statistics, 78(4), December 1996, pp. 611-627.
A More Complete Picture of School Resource PoliciesReview of Educational Research, 66(3), Fall 1996, pp. 397-409.
Rationalizing School Spending: Efficiency, Equity, and Externalities, and Their Connection to Rising ExpenditureIn Victor Fuchs (ed.), Individual and Social Responsibility: Child Care, Education, Medical Care, and Long-Term Care in America , University of Chicago Press/NBER, 1996, pp. 59-91.
School Resources and Student Performancein Gary Burtless (ed.), Does Money Matter? The Effect of School Resources on Student Achievement and Adult Success, Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1996, pp. 43-73.
Efficiency-Enhancing Investments in School QualityIn Nancy Birdsall and Richard H. Sabot (ed.), Opportunity Foregone: Education in Brazil , Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank, 1996, pp. 385-424.
Interpreting Recent Research on Schooling in Developing CountriesWorld Bank Research Observer, 10(2), August 1995, pp. 227-246.
The (Dis)Incentive to Settle Personal Injury CasesNew York State Bar Journal, 67(3), 1995, pp. 52-56.
The Quest for Equalized Mediocrity: School Finance Reform without Consideration of School PerformanceIn Lawrence O. Picus and James L. Wattenbarger (ed.), Where Does the Money Go? Resource Allocation in Elementary and Secondary Schools, Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, 1995, pp. 20-43.
The Economics of Structured Judgments Under CPLR Article 50-BBuffalo Law Review, 43(2), 1995, pp. 563-582.
Outcomes, Costs, and Incentives in SchoolsIn Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy, National Research Council, Improving the Performance of America’s Schools, Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1995, pp. 28-51.
Production Functions in EducationIn T. Husén and T. N. Postlethwaite (ed.), The International Encyclopedia of Education, Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1995, pp. 4059-4070.
A Jaundiced View of "Adequacy" in School Finance ReformEducational Policy, 8(4), December 1994, pp. 460-69.
The Causes and Consequences of Grade Repetition: Evidence from BrazilEconomic Development and Cultural Change, 43(1), October 1994, pp. 117-148.
Money Might Matter Somewhere: A Response to Hedges, Laine, and GreenwaldEducational Researcher, 23(4), May 1994, pp. 5-8.
Estimating the Effects of Proposed Legislation: The Case for Model ValidationChance, 7(2), 1994, pp. 31-40.
Concepts of Educational Efficiency and Effectivenessin Torsten Husén and T. Neville Postlethwaite (ed.), International Encyclopedia of Education, 2nd Edition, Volume 3, Oxford: Pergamon, 1994, pp. 1779-1784.
Education Production FunctionsIn Torsten Husén and T. Neville Postlethwaite (ed.), International Encyclopedia of Education, 2nd Edition, Volume 3, Oxford: Pergamon, 1994, pp. 1756-1762.
Understanding Entry into the Teaching ProfessionIn Ronald G. Ehrenberg (ed.), Choices and Consequences: Contemporary Policy Issues in Education, Ithaca, NY: ILR Press, 1994, pp. 12-28.
Can Equity Be Separated from Efficiency in School Finance Debates?in Emily P. Hoffman (ed.), Essays on the Economics of Education, Kalamazoo, MI: Upjohn Institute, 1993, pp. 35-73.
Improving Educational Outcomes While Controlling CostsCarnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 37, December 1992, pp. 205-238.
The Trade-off Between Child Quantity and QualityJournal of Political Economy, 100(1), February 1992, pp. 84-117.
When School Finance 'Reform' May Not Be Good PolicyHarvard Journal on Legislation, 28(2), Summer 1991, pp. 423-456.
School Performance and Educational Policy Makingin Gary Libecap (ed.), The Education and Quality of the American Labor Force, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1991, pp. 65-94.
Concepts of Educational Efficiency and Effectivenessin Torsten Husén and T. Neville Postlethwaite (ed.), International Encyclopedia of Education, Supplementary Volume 2, Oxford: Pergamon, 1991.
Commercial Land Use Regulation and Local Government FinanceAmerican Economic Review, 19(2), May 1990, pp. 176-180.
Alternative Assessments of the Performance of Schools: Measurement of State Variations in AchievementThe Journal of Human Resources, 25(2), Spring 1990, pp. 179-201.
Reforming Educational Reformin Henry Aaron (ed.), Setting National Priorities , Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1990, pp. 213-247.
Social Science Research and Policy: A Review EssayJournal of Human Resources, Spring 1990, pp. 46-51.
The Impact of Differential Expenditures on School PerformanceEducational Researcher, 18(4), May 1989, pp. 45-51.
Expenditures, Efficiency, and Equity in Education: The Federal Government's RoleAmerican Economic Review, 79(2), May 1989, pp. 46-51.
Improving Educational Efficiency in Developing Countries: What Do We Know?Compare, 18(1), 1988, pp. 21-37.
Non-Labor-Supply Responses to the Income Maintenance ExperimentsIn Alicia H. Munnell(ed.), Lessons from the Income Maintenance Experiments, Boston, MA: Federal Reserve Bank of Boston and the Brookings Institution, 1987, pp. 106-121.
Formula Budgeting: The Economics and Analytics of Fiscal Policy under RulesJournal of Policy Analysis and Management, 6(1), Fall 1986, pp. 3-19.
The Economics of Schooling: Production and Efficiency in Public SchoolsJournal of Economic Literature, 49(3), September 1986, pp. 1141-1177.
Alternative Poverty Measures and the Allocation of Federal Benefitsin U.S. Bureau of the Census, Conference on the Measurement of Noncash Benefits, Proceedings, Volume I, Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1986, pp. 104-125.
Life-Cycle Earning Capacity and the OJT Investment ModelInternational Economic Review, 26(2), June 1985, pp. 365-385.
The Determinants of Housing Demandin J.V. Henderson (ed.), Research in Urban Economics, Vol. II. (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press), 1982, pp. 221-242.
Alternative Models of Earnings Determination and Labor Market StructureJournal of Human Resources, 16(2), Spring 1981, pp. 238-259.
Education Policy Research-An Industry PerspectiveEconomics of Education Review, 1(2), 1981, pp. 193-224.
Consumption Aspects in Katherine L. Bradbury and Anthony Downs (ed.), Do Housing Allowances Work? , Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1981, pp. 185-240.
What is the Price Elasticity of Housing Demand?Review of Economics and Statistics, 62(3), August 1980, pp. 449-454.
Conceptual and Empirical Issues in the Estimation of Educational Production FunctionsThe Journal of Human Resources, 14(3), Summer 1979, pp. 351-388.
The Dynamics of the Housing Market: A Stock Adjustment Model of Housing ConsumptionJournal of Urban Economics, 6(1), January 1979, pp. 90-111.
The Dynamics of Postwar Industrial LocationReview of Economics and Statistics, 60(4), November 1978, pp. 515-522.
Implicit Investment Profiles and Intertemporal Adjustments of Relative WagesAmerican Economic Review, 68(1), March 1978, pp. 67-79.
Ethnic Income Variations: Magnitudes and Explanationsin Thomas Sowell (ed.), American Ethnic Groups , Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute, 1978, pp. 139-156.
Housing Market Disequilibrium and Residential Mobilityin Eric A. Moore and William A.V. Clark (ed.), Population Mobility and Residential Change, Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1978.
The Volunteer Military and the Rest of the IcebergPolicy Sciences, 8(3), September 1977, pp. 343-361.
The Demand for Local Public Service: An Exploratory Analysisin John E. Jackson (ed.), Public Needs and Private Behavior in Metropolitan Areas, Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1975, pp. 121-138.
Learning by Observing the Performance of Schoolsin Robert A. Wallhaus (ed.), New Directions for Institutional Research, Measuring and Increasing Academic Productivity, No. 8 (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass), 1975, pp. 17-38.
Model Specification, Use of Aggregate Data, and the Ecological Correlation FallacyPolitical Methodology, Winter 1974, pp. 89-107.
Efficient Estimators for Regressing Regression CoefficientsThe American Statistician, 28(2), May 1974, pp. 66-67 .
Regional Differences in the Structure of EarningsReview of Economics and Statistics, 55(2), May 1973, pp. 204-213.
On the Value of 'Equality of Educational Opportunity' as a Guide to Public PolicyIn Frederick Mosteller and Daniel P. Moynihan (ed.), On Equality of Educational Opportunity, (New York: Random House), 1972, pp. 116-145.
Teacher Characteristics and Gains in Student Achievement: Estimation Using Micro-DataAmerican Economic Review, 61(2), May 1971, pp. 280-288.
The Production of Education, Teacher Quality, and Efficiencyin U.S. Office of Education, Do Teachers Make a Difference? , Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1970, pp. 79-99.
Voting Behavior in the 1960 Colorado Presidential ElectionRocky Mountain Social Science Journal, 3(1), 1966, pp. 82-95.
