Publications
Improving Student Achievement: Is Reducing Class Size the Answer?
Policy Brief, Progressive Policy Institute. June 1998Conclusions and Controversies about the Effectiveness of School Resources
FRBNY Economic Policy Review, 4(1), pp. 11-28. March 1998Understanding the 20th Century Growth in U.S. School Spending
(with Steven G. Rivkin). Journal of Human Resources, 31(1), pp. 34-68. Winter 1997
Outcomes, Incentives, and Beliefs: Reflections on Analysis of the Economics of Schools
Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 19(4), pp. 301-308. Winter 1997Incentives Are Key to Improved Schools
Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy, 12(3), pp. 62-67. 1997Health and Schooling: Evidence and Policy Implications for Developing Countries
(with João Batista Gomes-Neto, Raimundo Hélio Leite, and Roberto Cláudio Frota-Bezzera). Economics of Education Review, 16(3), pp. 271-282. June 1997
Assessing the Effects of School Resources on Student Performance: An Update
Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 19(2), pp. 141-164. Summer 1997Applying Performance Incentives to Schools for Disadvantaged Populations
Education and Urban Society, 29(3), pp. 296-316. May 1997The Productivity Collapse in Schools
In William J. Fowler, Jr. (ed.). Developments in School Finance, 1996, Washington, DC: National Center for Educational Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, pp. 183-195. 1997
Assessing Policies for Retirement Income: Needs for Data, Research, and Models
(co-editor with Constance F. Citro). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 256 pages. 1997Why True Reform of Schools is so Unlikely
Jobs and Capital, (Milken Institute for Jobs and Capital Formation), 6, Winter, pp.23-27. 1997Analytical Framework for Retirement Policy Decisions
(with Constance F. Citro). In Michael S. Gordon, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Marc M. Twinney (ed.). Positioning Pensions for the Twenty-first Century, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 209-219. 1997Aggregation and the Estimated Effects of School Resources
(with Steven G. Rivkin and Lori L. Taylor). Review of Economics and Statistics, 78(4), pp. 611-627. December 1996
Improving America's Schools: The Role of Incentives
(co-editor with Dale W. Jorgenson). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 280 pages. 1996A More Complete Picture of School Resource Policies
Review of Educational Research, 66(3), pp. 397-409. Fall 1996The Identification of School Resource Effects
(with Steven G. Rivkin and Lori L. Taylor). Education Economics, 4(2), pp. 105-125. 1996Assessing Knowledge of Retirement Behavior
(co-editor with Nancy L. Maritato). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 288 pages. 1996Rationalizing School Spending: Efficiency, Equity, and Externalities, and Their Connection to Rising Expenditure
In Victor Fuchs (ed.). Individual and Social Responsibility: Child Care, Education, Medical Care, and Long-Term Care in America , University of Chicago Press/NBER, pp. 59-91. 1996Improving School Performance While Controlling Costs
in William J. Fowler, Jr. (ed.). Developments in School Finance, 1995, pp. 111-122. 1996
Making Schools Work: The Economics of School Reform
in Robert Berne (ed.). Study on Cost-Effectiveness in Education, (New York: New York State Board of Regents). 1996School Resources and Student Performance
In Gary Burtless (ed.). Does Money Matter? The Effect of School Resources on Student Achievement and Adult Success, Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, pp. 43-73. 1996Comment on Chapters Two, Three, and Four
in Helen Ladd (ed.). Holding Schools Accountable: Performance-Based Reform in Education, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, pp. 128-136. 1996Efficiency-Enhancing Investments in School Quality
(with João Batista Gomes Neto and Ralph W. Harbison). In Nancy Birdsall and Richard H. Sabot (ed.). Opportunity Foregone: Education in Brazil , Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank, pp. 385-424. 1996Making Schools Work: Spending and Student Achievement
Heartland Policy Study No. 68, The Heartland Institute. September 1995Modern Political Economy: Old Topics, New Directions
(co-editor with Jeffrey S. Banks). New York: Cambridge University Press, 283 pages. 1995Interpreting Recent Research on Schooling in Developing Countries
World Bank Research Observer, 10(2), pp. 227-246. August 1995Who Chooses to Teach and Why?
(with Richard Pace). Economics of Education Review, 14(2), pp. 101-117. June 1995
The (Dis)Incentive to Settle Personal Injury Cases
(with Michael J. Wolkoff). New York State Bar Journal, 67(3), pp. 52-56. 1995The Economics of Structured Judgments Under CPLR Article 50-B
(with Michael J. Wolkoff). Buffalo Law Review, 43(2), pp. 563-582. 1995Production Functions in Education
In T. Husén and T. N. Postlethwaite (ed.). The International Encyclopedia of Education, Oxford: Pergamon Press, pp. 4059-4070. 1995Outcomes, Costs, and Incentives in Schools
In Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy, National Research Council. Improving the Performance of America’s Schools, Washington, DC: National Academy Press, pp. 28-51. 1995The Quest for Equalized Mediocrity: School Finance Reform without Consideration of School Performance
In Lawrence O. Picus and James L. Wattenbarger (ed.). Where Does the Money Go? Resource Allocation in Elementary and Secondary Schools, Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, pp. 20-43. 1996A Jaundiced View of "Adequacy" in School Finance Reform
Educational Policy, 8(4), pp. 460-69. December 1994Making Schools Work: Improving Performance and Controlling Costs
Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 200 pages. 1994The Causes and Consequences of Grade Repetition: Evidence from Brazil
(with João Batista Gomes-Neto). Economic Development and Cultural Change, 43(1), pp. 117-148. October 1994