Academic Articles

Performance Information and Personnel Decisions in the Public Sector: The Case of School Principals. (with Julie Berry Cullen, Gregory Phelan, and Steven G. Rivkin). Journal of Human Resources, forthcoming.

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Education and Economic Growth. (with Ludger Woessmann). Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021.

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Addressing Cross-national Generalizability in Educational Impact Evaluation. International Journal of Educational Development, 80, 2021.

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United States: The Uphill Schools’ Struggle. In Nuno Crato (ed.), Improving a Country’s Education: PISA 2018 Results in 10 Countries, Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2021, pp. 227-247.

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A quantitative look at the economic impact of the European Union’s educational goals. (with Ludger Woessmann). Education Economics, 28(3), 2020, 225-244.

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Education, Knowledge Capital, and Economic Growth. (with Ludger Woessmann). In Steve Bradley and Colin Green (ed.). Economics of Education, 2nd Edition, London: Academic Press, 2020, pp. 171-182.

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Education Production Functions. In Steve Bradley and Colin Green (ed.), Economics of Education, 2nd Edition, London: Academic Press, 2020, pp. 161-170.

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The Evolution of Charter School Quality. (with Patrick L. Baude, Marcus Casey, Greg Phelan, and Steven G. Rivkin). Economica, 87(345), January 2020, pp. 158-189.

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Quality Education and Economic Development. In Brajesh Panth and Rupert Maclean (ed.), Anticipating and Preparing for Emerging Skills and Jobs: Key Issues, Concerns, and Prospects, Singapore: Springer, 2020, pp. 25-32.

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The Value of Smarter Teachers: International Evidence on Teacher Cognitive Skills and Student Performance. (with Marc Piopiunik and Simon Wiederhold). Journal of Human Resources, 54(4), Fall 2019, pp. 857-899.

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Financing Schools. In John Hattie and Eric M. Anderman (ed.), Visible Learning Guide to Student Achievement, London: Routledge, 2019, pp. 92-97.

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Knowledge Capital and Economic Growth. (with Ludger Woessmann). In Rolf Becker (ed.). Research Handbook on the Sociology of Education, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019, pp. 476-497.

Testing, Accountability and the American Economy. ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 683, May 2019, 110-128.

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Education and the Growth-Equity Trade-off. In Charles Hulten and Valerie Ramey (ed.), Education, Skills and Technical Change: Implications for Future U.S. GDP Growth, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2019, pp. 293-312.

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Volkswirtschaftliche Folgen von Bildungsarmut: Was ein Entwicklungsziel „Grundkompetenzen für alle“ erreichen könnte. (with Ludger Woessmann). In Gudrun Quenzel and Klaus Hurrelmann (ed.). Handbuch Bildungsarmut, Springer VS, 2019, pp. 547-554.

Missouri's Economic Future Lies with School Reform. Missouri Policy Journal, 6, Spring 2018, pp. 23-38.

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Economic Gains from Educational Reform by US States. (with Jens Ruhose and Ludger Woessmann). Journal of Human Capital, 11(4), Winter 2017, pp. 447-486.

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Knowledge Capital and Aggregate Income Differences: Development Accounting for U.S. States. (with Jens Ruhose and Ludger Woessmann). American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 9(4) , October 2017, pp. 184-224.

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Defining Productivity in Education: Issues and Illustrations. (with Elizabeth Ettema). The American Economist, 65(2), October 2017, pp. 165-183.

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Coping with Change: International Differences in the Returns to Skills. (with Guido Schwerdt, Simon Wiederhold, and Ludger Woessmann) . Economic Letters, 153, April 2017, pp. 15-19.

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General Education, Vocational Education, and Labor-Market Outcomes over the Life-Cycle. (with Guido Schwerdt, Ludger Woessmann, and Lei Zhang). Journal of Human Resources, 52(1), Winter 2017, pp. 49-88.

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Dynamic Effects of Teacher Turnover on the Quality of Instruction. (with Steven G. Rivkin and Jeffrey C. Schiman) . Economics of Education Review, 55, December 2016, pp. 132-148.

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School Resources and Student Achievement: A Review of Cross-Country Economic Research. (with Ludger Woessmann). In Monica Rosén, Kajsa Yang Hansen, and Ulrika Wolff (ed.). Cognitive Abilities and Educational Outcomes: A Festschrift in Honour of Jan-Eric Gustafsson, Springer, 2017, pp. 149-171.

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Skills, Mobility, and Growth. (with Ludger Woessmann). In Alexandra Brown, David Buchholz, Daniel Davis, and Arturo Gonzalez (ed.). Economic Mobility: Research & Ideas on Strengthening Families, Communities & the Economy, St. Louis, MO: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 2016, pp. 423-449.

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Will more higher education improve economic growth?. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 32(4), Winter 2016, pp. 538-552.

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School human capital and teacher salary policies. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 1(1), 2016, pp. 23-40.

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Knowledge Capital, Growth, and the East Asian Miracle. (with Ludger Woessmann). Science, 351(6271), January 22, 2016, pp. 344-345.

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Land Use Controls, Fiscal Zoning, and the Local Provision of Education. (with Kuzey Yilmaz). Public Finance Review, 49(5), September 2015, pp. 559-585.

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Why Standard Measures of Human Capital are Misleading. KDI Journal of Economic Policy, 37(2), 2015, pp. 22-39.

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The Economic Impact of Educational Quality. (with Ludger Woessmann). In Pauline Dixon, Steve Humble, and Chris Counihan (ed.). Handbook of International Development and Education, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2015, pp. 6-19.

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Economics of Education. In James D. Wright (ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2nd Edition, Oxford: Elsevier, April 2015, pp. 149-157.

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Returns to Skills around the World: Evidence from PIAAC. (with Guido Schwerdt, Simon Wiederhold, and Ludger Woessmann). European Economic Review, 73, January 2015, pp. 103-130.

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Is Location Fate? Distributional Aspects of Schooling. In Gregory K. Ingram and Daphne A. Kenyon (ed.), Education, Land, and Location, Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, 2014, pp. 25-61.

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Institutional Structures of the Education System and Student Achievement: A Review of Cross-country Economic Research. (with Ludger Woessmann). In Rolf Strietholt, Wilfried Bos, Jan-Eric Gustafsson, and Monica Rosen (ed.) . Educational Policy Evaluation through International Comparative Assessments, Munster, Germany: Waxman, 2014, pp. 145-175.

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Borrowing Constraints, College Aid, and Intergenerational Mobility. (with Charles Ka Yui Leung and Kuzey Yilmaz). Journal of Human Capital, 8(1), Spring 2014, pp. 1-41.

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School resources and educational outcomes in developing countries: A review of the literature from 1990 to 2010. (with Paul W. Glewwe, Sarah D. Humpage, and Renato Ravina). In Paul Glewwe (ed.) . Education Policy in Developing Countries, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013, pp. 13-64.

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Economic Growth in Developing Countries: The Role of Human Capital. Economics of Education Review, 37, December 2013, pp. 204–212.

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Schools and location: Tiebout, Alonso, and governmental finance policy. (with Kuzey Yilmaz) . Journal of Public Economic Theory, 15(6), December 2013, pp. 829-855.

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Does School Autonomy Make Sense Everywhere? Panel Estimates from PISA. (with Susanne Link and Ludger Woessmann). Journal of Development Economics, 104, September 2013, pp. 212-232.

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Financing Schools. In John Hattie and Eric M. Anderman (ed.), International Guide to Student Achievement, New York: Routledge, 2013, pp. 134-136.

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Academic Articles