Academic Articles

Employer Learning and the Dynamics of Returns to Universities: Evidence from Chinese Elite Education during University Expansion. (with Sylvie Démurger and Lei Zhang). Economic Development and Cultural Change, forthcoming.

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Testing. (with Annika B. Bergbauer and Ludger Woessmann). Journal of Human Resources, forthcoming.

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Performance Information and Personnel Decisions in the Public Sector: The Case of School Principals. (with Julie Berry Cullen, Gregory Phelan, and Steven G. Rivkin). Journal of Human Resources, forthcoming.

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Incidence and Outcomes of School Finance Litigation: 1968-2021. (with Matthew Joyce-Wirtz). Public Finance Review, 2023.

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U.S. School Finance: Resources and Outcomes. (with Danielle Victoria Handel) in Eric A. Hanushek, Stephen Machin and Ludger Woessmann (ed.). Handbook of the Economics of Education, Vol. 7, Amsterdam: North Holland, 2023.

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Long-run Trends in the U.S. SES-Achievement Gap. (with Jacob Light, Paul E. Peterson, Laura M. Talpey, and Ludger Woessmann). Education Finance and Policy, 17(4), 2022, 608-640.

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Patience, Risk-Taking, and Human Capital Investment across Countries. (with Lavinia Kinne, Philipp Lergetporer, and Ludger Woessmann). Economic Journal, 132 (646), 2022, pp. 2290-2307.

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Residential Location and Education in the United States. (with Kuzey Yilmaz). In Charles K.Y. Leung (ed.). Handbook of Real Estate and Macroeconomics, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2022, pp. 106-136.

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The Political Economy of ILSAs in Education: The Role of Knowledge Capital in Economic Growth. (with Ludger Woessmann). International Handbook of Comparative Large-Scale Studies in Education, Springer , 2021.

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Education and Economic Growth. (with Ludger Woessmann). Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021.

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Addressing Cross-national Generalizability in Educational Impact Evaluation. International Journal of Educational Development, 80, 2021.

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United States: The Uphill Schools’ Struggle. In Nuno Crato (ed.), Improving a Country’s Education: PISA 2018 Results in 10 Countries, Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2021, pp. 227-247.

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A quantitative look at the economic impact of the European Union’s educational goals. (with Ludger Woessmann). Education Economics, 28(3), 2020, 225-244.

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Education, Knowledge Capital, and Economic Growth. (with Ludger Woessmann). In Steve Bradley and Colin Green (ed.). Economics of Education, 2nd Edition, London: Academic Press, 2020, pp. 171-182.

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Education Production Functions. In Steve Bradley and Colin Green (ed.), Economics of Education, 2nd Edition, London: Academic Press, 2020, pp. 161-170.

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The Evolution of Charter School Quality. (with Patrick L. Baude, Marcus Casey, Greg Phelan, and Steven G. Rivkin). Economica, 87(345), January 2020, pp. 158-189.

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Quality Education and Economic Development. In Brajesh Panth and Rupert Maclean (ed.), Anticipating and Preparing for Emerging Skills and Jobs: Key Issues, Concerns, and Prospects, Singapore: Springer, 2020, pp. 25-32.

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The Value of Smarter Teachers: International Evidence on Teacher Cognitive Skills and Student Performance. (with Marc Piopiunik and Simon Wiederhold). Journal of Human Resources, 54(4), Fall 2019, pp. 857-899.

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Financing Schools. In John Hattie and Eric M. Anderman (ed.), Visible Learning Guide to Student Achievement, London: Routledge, 2019, pp. 92-97.

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Knowledge Capital and Economic Growth. (with Ludger Woessmann). In Rolf Becker (ed.). Research Handbook on the Sociology of Education, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019, pp. 476-497.

Testing, Accountability and the American Economy. ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 683, May 2019, 110-128.

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Education and the Growth-Equity Trade-off. In Charles Hulten and Valerie Ramey (ed.), Education, Skills and Technical Change: Implications for Future U.S. GDP Growth, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2019, pp. 293-312.

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Volkswirtschaftliche Folgen von Bildungsarmut: Was ein Entwicklungsziel „Grundkompetenzen für alle“ erreichen könnte. (with Ludger Woessmann). In Gudrun Quenzel and Klaus Hurrelmann (ed.). Handbuch Bildungsarmut, Springer VS, 2019, pp. 547-554.

Missouri's Economic Future Lies with School Reform. Missouri Policy Journal, 6, Spring 2018, pp. 23-38.

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Economic Gains from Educational Reform by US States. (with Jens Ruhose and Ludger Woessmann). Journal of Human Capital, 11(4), Winter 2017, pp. 447-486.

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Knowledge Capital and Aggregate Income Differences: Development Accounting for U.S. States. (with Jens Ruhose and Ludger Woessmann). American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 9(4) , October 2017, pp. 184-224.

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Defining Productivity in Education: Issues and Illustrations. (with Elizabeth Ettema). The American Economist, 65(2), October 2017, pp. 165-183.

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Coping with Change: International Differences in the Returns to Skills. (with Guido Schwerdt, Simon Wiederhold, and Ludger Woessmann) . Economic Letters, 153, April 2017, pp. 15-19.

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General Education, Vocational Education, and Labor-Market Outcomes over the Life-Cycle. (with Guido Schwerdt, Ludger Woessmann, and Lei Zhang). Journal of Human Resources, 52(1), Winter 2017, pp. 49-88.

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Dynamic Effects of Teacher Turnover on the Quality of Instruction. (with Steven G. Rivkin and Jeffrey C. Schiman) . Economics of Education Review, 55, December 2016, pp. 132-148.

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School Resources and Student Achievement: A Review of Cross-Country Economic Research. (with Ludger Woessmann). In Monica Rosén, Kajsa Yang Hansen, and Ulrika Wolff (ed.). Cognitive Abilities and Educational Outcomes: A Festschrift in Honour of Jan-Eric Gustafsson, Springer, 2017, pp. 149-171.

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Skills, Mobility, and Growth. (with Ludger Woessmann). In Alexandra Brown, David Buchholz, Daniel Davis, and Arturo Gonzalez (ed.). Economic Mobility: Research & Ideas on Strengthening Families, Communities & the Economy, St. Louis, MO: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 2016, pp. 423-449.

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Will more higher education improve economic growth?. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 32(4), Winter 2016, pp. 538-552.

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School human capital and teacher salary policies. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 1(1), 2016, pp. 23-40.

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Knowledge Capital, Growth, and the East Asian Miracle. (with Ludger Woessmann). Science, 351(6271), January 22, 2016, pp. 344-345.

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Land Use Controls, Fiscal Zoning, and the Local Provision of Education. (with Kuzey Yilmaz). Public Finance Review, 49(5), September 2015, pp. 559-585.

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Why Standard Measures of Human Capital are Misleading. KDI Journal of Economic Policy, 37(2), 2015, pp. 22-39.

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The Economic Impact of Educational Quality. (with Ludger Woessmann). In Pauline Dixon, Steve Humble, and Chris Counihan (ed.). Handbook of International Development and Education, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2015, pp. 6-19.

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Economics of Education. In James D. Wright (ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2nd Edition, Oxford: Elsevier, April 2015, pp. 149-157.

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Returns to Skills around the World: Evidence from PIAAC. (with Guido Schwerdt, Simon Wiederhold, and Ludger Woessmann). European Economic Review, 73, January 2015, pp. 103-130.

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Academic Articles