2000-
Paul and Jean Hanna Senior Fellow, Hoover Institution, Stanford University
- Professor (by courtesy) of Education (2001- )
- Senior Fellow (by courtesy), Stanford Center for International Development [SCID], Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research [SIEPR], (2003-2023)
- Professor (by courtesy) of Economics (2004-2007)
2020-
Member, Council of Luminaries, Yidan Foundation
2019-
Chairman, Hoover Education Success Initiative, Stanford University
2019-
Co-Director, International Comparative Educational Policy Laboratory, ifo Institute
2003-
Chairman, Executive Board, Texas Schools Project, University of Texas at Dallas
2000-
Senior Research Fellow, University of Texas at Dallas
1995-
Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research
2006-
Research Professor, Ifo Institute for Economic Research (University of Munich)
2013-
Research Fellow, IZA Institute of Labor Economics
2008-
Member, Management Team, Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research (CALDER)
2008-
Area coordinator, Economics of Education, CESifo Research Network
2017-2018
John H. Makin Visiting Scholar, American Enterprise Institute (AEI)
2013-2016
Member, Council of Academic Advisers, American Enterprise Institute
1999-2015
Member, Koret Task Force on K-12 Education, Hoover Institution, Stanford University
2006-2008
Member, Scientific Advisory Council, Ifo Institute for Economic Research
1978-2000
Professor of Economics and Political Science, University of Rochester
- Founding Director, W. Allen Wallis Institute of Political Economy (1991-99)
- Professor of Public Policy (1992-2000)
- Senior Research Associate, Rochester Center for Economic Research (1984-2000; Director, 1994-99)
- Chairman, Department of Economics (1982-87; 1988-90; 1991-93)
1999-2000
Distinguished Visiting Fellow, Hoover Institution, Stanford University
1994
Visiting Fellow, Australian National University
1975-78
Associate Professor, Department of Economics and Institution for Social and Policy Studies, Yale University
1974
Lecturer, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (Reston Campus)
1968-73
Associate Professor of Economics, U.S. Air Force Academy
(Assistant Professor, 1969-71; Instructor, 1968-69)
1970-71
Research Associate, J.F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University