Publications

The Economic Impacts of Learning Losses
(with Ludger Woessmann). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2020
The real costs of closing schools and what can be done to address them
(with Ludger Woessmann). Teresa and Alexandre Soares dos Santos - Education Initiative. 29-Sep-20
Costs of Past and Future Learning Losses
(with Ludger Woessmann). Education Next. 9-Sep-20
Permanent Economic Damage from Learning Losses
(with Ludger Woessmann) . National Review Capital Matters. Sep-20
Students have already been saddled with economic losses from school closures
(with Ludger Woessmann). The Hill. 10-Sep-20
Test-Based Accountability in Distressed Times
(with Chester E. Finn Jr.). The State Education Standard, September 20(3), pp. 13-17. 2020
Patience, risk-taking, and international differences in student achievement
(with Lavinia Kinne, Philipp Lergetporer, Ludger Woessmann). VoxEU. 2-Aug-20
Finding the Best Teachers for Post-Pandemic Schools
 Wall Street Journal. 26-Aug-22
Can greater access to education be inequitable?
(with Chirantan Chatterjee and Shreekanth Mahendiran). Ideas for India. 10-Aug-20
Unintended consequences to education for all: India’s Right to Education Act
(with Chirantan Chatterjee and Shreekanth Mahendiran). VoxEU. 23-Jul-20
Culture and Student Achievement: The Intertwined Roles of Patience and Risk-Taking
(with Lavinia Kinne, Philipp Lergetporer, and Ludger Woessmann). NBER Working Paper No. 27484, National Bureau of Economic Research. Jul-20
Can Greater Access to Education Be Inequitable? New Evidence from India’s Right to Education Act
(with Chirantan Chatterjee and Shreekanth Mahendiran). NBER Working Paper No. 27377, National Bureau of Economic Research. Jun-20
Focus on Teaching, Not Just Masks and Hand-Sanitizer
 Education Next. 30-Jun-20
Preparing all students to succeed during COVID-19 pandemic
 Washington Times. 25-Jun-20
A quantitative look at the economic impact of the European Union’s educational goals
(with Ludger Woessmann). Education Economics, 28(3), 225-244. 2020
Education, Knowledge Capital, and Economic Growth
(with Ludger Woessmann). In Steve Bradley and Colin Green (ed.). Economics of Education, 2nd Edition, London: Academic Press, pp. 171-182. 2020
The Unavoidable: Tomorrow’s Teacher Compensation
 Hoover Education Success Initiative. 2020
Quality Education and Economic Development
In Brajesh Panth and Rupert Maclean (ed.). Anticipating and Preparing for Emerging Skills and Jobs: Key Issues, Concerns, and Prospects, Singapore: Springer, pp. 25-32. 2020
Education Production Functions
in Steve Bradley and Colin Green (ed.). Economics of Education, 2nd Edition , London: Academic Press, pp. 161-170. 2020
The Evolution of Charter School Quality
(with Patrick Baude, Marcus Casey, and Steven G. Rivkin). NBER Working Paper No. 20645 [forthcoming Economica], National Bureau of Economic Research. October
The Research Challenges of the AI Labor Market Challenges
 Medium, Golub Capital Social Impact Lab. 17-Dec-19
The Value of Smarter Teachers: International Evidence on Teacher Cognitive Skills and Student Performance
(with Marc Piopiunik and Simon Wiederhold). Journal of Human Resources, 54(4), pp. 857-899. Fall 2019
Teacher Pay Raises Aren't Enough: Adding evaluation would make all the difference for improving schools
 Education Week. 4-Nov-19
Professionalizing Teaching and Winning the Salary Wars
 Education Next. 14-Nov-19
Knowledge Capital and Economic Growth
(with Ludger Woessmann). In Rolf Becker (ed.). Research Handbook on the Sociology of Education, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 476-497. 2019
Measurement Counts: International Student Tests and Economic Growth
 International-Education blog. 1-Oct-19
The Fall of Educational Productivity and Policy Paralysis
In Lindsay M. Burke and Jonathan Butcher (ed.). The Not-So-Great Society, Washington, DC: Heritage Foundation, pp. 45-51. 2019
Teacher Strikes Are Not Going To Help California’s Students
 Eureka. 21-Aug-19
Budget 2019 needs to have a holistic view on where education in India needs to go
(with Chirantan Chatterjee) . The Indian Express. 3-Jul-19
The Achievement Gap Fails to Close: Half Century of testing shows persistent divide between haves and have-nots
(with Paul E. Peterson, Laura M. Talpey, and Ludger Woessmann). Education Next, 19(3), pp. 8-17. Summer 2019
Testing, Accountability and the American Economy
 ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 683, 110-128. May 2019
US achievement gaps hold steady in the face of substantial policy initiatives
(with Paul E. Peterson, Laura M. Talpey, and Ludger Woessmann). VoxEU. 15-Apr-15
The War on Poverty Remains a Stalemate
(with Paul E. Peterson) . Wall Street Journal. 18-Mar-19
Do Smarter Teachers Make Smarter Students? International Evidence on Teacher Cognitive Skills and Student Performance
(with Marc Piopiunik and Simon Wiederhold). Education Next, 19(2) , pp. 57-64. Spring 2019
Volkswirtschaftliche Folgen von Bildungsarmut: Was ein Entwicklungsziel „Grundkompetenzen für alle“ erreichen könnte
(with Ludger Woessmann). In Gudrun Quenzel and Klaus Hurrelmann (ed.). Handbuch Bildungsarmut, Springer VS, pp. 547-554. 2019
Education and the Growth-Equity Trade-off
In Charles Hulten and Valerie Ramey (ed.). Education, Skills and Technical Change: Implications for Future U.S. GDP Growth, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 293-312. 2019
Too much self-interested choice?
 Phi Delta Kappan. 26-Oct-18
Testing with accountability improves student achievement
(with Annika B. Bergbauer and Ludger Woessmann). VoxEU. 18-Sep-18
Ohio can play offense with the AI revolution by investing in quality education
 Cleveland.com. 29-Aug-18
What Do Test Scores Really Mean for the Economy?
 Education Week, 37(34), 29. 4-Jun-18
Missouri's Economic Future Lies with School Reform
 Missouri Policy Journal, 6, pp. 23-38. Spring 2018
Every State’s Economic Future Lies with School Reform
 AEI Report, American Enterprise Institute. May-18
The Value of Smarter Teachers: International Evidence on Teacher Cognitive Skills and Student Performance
(with Marc Piopiunik and Simon Wiederhold). NBER Working Paper No. 20727 (revised), National Bureau of Economic Research [Journal of Human Resources, forthcoming]. December 2014 (revised March 2018)
Economic Gains from Educational Reform by US States
(with Jens Ruhose and Ludger Woessmann). Journal of Human Capital, 11(4), pp. 447-486. Winter 2017
Knowledge Capital and Aggregate Income Differences: Development Accounting for U.S. States
(with Jens Ruhose and Ludger Woessmann). American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 9(4) , pp. 184-224. Oct-17
Defining Productivity in Education: Issues and Illustrations
(with Elizabeth Ettema). The American Economist, 65(2), pp. 165-183. Oct-17
The Future of Teacher Quality in California Is in Doubt--and That Also Puts California’s Economic Outlook in Jeopardy
 Eureka. 17-Aug-17
Emulating Germany’s Apprenticeship System Won’t Make America Great Again
 The World Post. 23-Jun-17
Apprenticeship Programs in a Changing Economic World
 Brookings Institution, Brown Center Chalkboard. 28-Jun-17
For Faster Education Progress, We Need to Know What Kids Know
 Center for Global Development. 14-Apr-17