The case of Horne v. Flores addressed the "appropriate actions" required to overcome language barriers and to provide instruction for English Language Learners (ELL) in the Nogales Unified School District. The district court had found that funding was inadequate and not based on the actual cost of ELL instruction. In its ruling, the U.S. Supreme Court (129 S.Ct. 2579 (2009)), influenced in part by the amicus curiae brief of educational policy and finance scholars below, held that the State should not be evaluated on the narrow basis of incremental spending for ELL but instead should pay attention to outcomes. 

Amicus curiae 
Syllabus 
Opinion 
Dissent